A Golden Glove is awarded to a player at every nine positions. The greatest defensive players in MLB history have been showered with Gold Glove Awards. Maddux Kaat Robinson Rodriguez Smith Clemente Vizquel Hernandez Mays Suzuki Jones Griffey Alomar Schmidt Bench Molina Hunter Mattingly Sandberg Gibson Aparicio Kaline 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 18 16 16 13 13 12 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Explore Teams: Chicago Cubs (1986-92), Atlanta Braves (1993-2003), Chicago Cubs (2004-06), Los Angeles Dodgers (2006, 2008), San Diego Padres (2007-08), Career highlights: 18-time Gold Glove Award winner (1990-2002, 2004-08), World Series champion (1995), four-time National League Cy Young Award winner (1992-95), eight-time MLB All-Star (1988, 1992, 1994-98). Here is the full list of players with the number of consecutive awards they won. Brooks Robinson is also the player with the most Gold Gloves by position, as all of his sixteen gloves came at third base. Arenado also tied Phillies legend and Hall of Famer Mike Schmidt for the second-most Gold Glove Awards by a third baseman in Major League history, trailing only Brooks Robinson (16). However, Greg again won the award 5 times in a row from 2004 to 2008, after which he retired. More >, Shortstop: Jeremy Pea, AstrosIf it wasnt enough that Pea introduced himself to the wider baseball world with a huge homer in the 18th inning of Game 3 of the AL Division Series against the Mariners -- following that up with AL Championship Series MVP honors against the Yankees -- the 25-year-old rookie has now added a Gold Glove Award to his resume. Many historical player head shots courtesy of David Davis. Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. The 2022 NL Gold Glove winners include Nolan Arenado, Mookie Betts, and Trent Grisham. Many thanks to him. [32][33][34][35], The only player to win Gold Gloves as an infielder and outfielder is Darin Erstad, who won Gold Gloves as an outfielder in 2000 and 2002 and as a first baseman in 2004, all with the Anaheim Angels. Anne Hathaway was a sexy bombshell in a plunging white Versace gown at the Met Gala on Monday night. Managers/Coaches and SABR Defensive Index help determine the winners. Clementes glove was, of course, only one element to his beautiful game -- he also had exactly 3,000 hits, won the 1966 NL MVP Award, was a two-time World Series champion and an All-Star in 12 of his 18 MLB seasons. It is given to both National League (NL) and American League (AL). The Rawlings Gold Glove Award was created in 1957. Bottom line: The Atlanta Braves signed Curacao native Andruw Jones at 16 years old he was on the big-league roster three years later and, in 1998, began a string of 10 consecutive Gold Glove Award wins. Bottom line: Greg Maddux was a Harry Potter-level wizard when it came to fielding the greatest fielding pitcher of all time with the most Gold Glove Awards in MLB history. The 40-year-old longtime actress - who is the face of the brand's Icon campaign -modeled a look . His teammate at Braves, Mike Hampton, stopped his winning streak in 2003. Jim Kaat and Brooks Robinson are tied for second place with 16 each. Sure, he helped the Yankees build on their reputation as the winningest franchise in pro sports, and sure, he came up big in the playoffs, both in the field, and especially at the plate. ^CF won as a center fielder Career highlights: 10-time Gold Glove Award winner (1957-59, 1961-67), World Series champion (1968), 18-time MLB All-Star (1955-61, 1962-67, 1971, 1974), Roberto Clemente Award (1973). [22] Ivn Rodrguezhas won the most Gold Gloves as a catcher, with 13 career awards in the American League. Fast forward almost 70 years and the Gold Glove Award has become ubiquitous with the game itself. Because of that, there were instances where three players from the same position got the award, raising some questions. Murphy hit a three-run homer in the first inning and another three-run homer in the seventh for the Braves, those giving them leads of 6-1 and 9-5 and giving Murphy a career-best six RBIs and MLB . Giancarlo Stanton is one of the great power bats of his time. He won the award 13 times in a row from 1990 to 2002. That began a streak of 10 consecutive Gold Glove Awards with the Rangers. In 2011, Rawlings added an annual Platinum Glove Award awarded to the best defensive player in each league, as selected by fans from the year's Gold Glove winners. Disclaimer : All content intended for ages 21+ only. Those teams were the Royals, Astros, and Oakland. If you've ever thought of a first baseman's glove, you've thought of Keith Hernandez. Pitching ERA Champion. He won his first 10 Gold Glove Awards in consecutive years from 1992 to 2001. It marks the second straight year a Blue Jays position player has won a Gold Glove Award (Marcus Semien won at second base last year) after a 15-year drought. Jones' son, Druw Jones, is one of the top outfield prospects of the last decade and was selected No. Further, the Cardinals also dominated the list of finalists in the NL with six players. . Arenado also tied Phillies legend and Hall of Famer Mike Schmidt for the second-most Gold Glove Awards by a third baseman in Major League history, trailing only Brooks Robinson (16). With one exception, no player on these Top Gold Glove lists deserves to be here less than Derek Jeter. Greg Maddux holds the record for most Gold Gloves ever with 18, including 13 straight that he . But that includes a rough start in the season opener (six runs in 2 innings) and 10 runs . He's in the midst of what seems like a Hall of Fame career so far he's also a five-time Silver Slugger Award winner, seven-time All-Star and has led the National League in home runs three times. Teams: Atlanta Braves (1996-2007), Los Angeles Dodgers (2008), Texas Rangers (2009), Chicago White Sox (2010), New York Yankees (2011-12), Career highlights: 10-time Gold Glove Award winner (1998-2007), five-time MLB All-Star (2000, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2008), Silver Slugger Award winner (2005). That was earned through nearly two decades of high voltage leather work at Shortstop as a member of the St. Louis Cardinals. Winners are determined from voting by the managers and coaches in each league,[1] who are not permitted to vote for their own players. The Rawlings Gold Glove Award has a long and rich history. Kaline won the first of three consecutive Gold Glove Awards in 1957 and then won seven more in a row from 1961 to 1967. The 1995 World Series champion with the Braves did this in 23 seasons while playing for five different teams. He is the fourth outfielder in Dodgers history to win multiple Gold Glove Awards, along with Willie Davis (three), Raul Mondesi (two) and Matt Kemp (two). Even with two additional awards this year -- thanks to the advent of the new utility-player category -- the new record surpassed the previous mark by three. He reached that number every year from 2013 to 2019. In addition, six players in the AL were first-time winners of the award, whereas Chicago's pitcherDallas Keuchel won his fifth. More >, Utility player: DJ LeMahieu, YankeesGet those trivia books back out: LeMahieu is the winner of the first AL utility player Gold Glove Award. Question, Comment, Feedback, or Correction? Playing for a New York Spots Team has that effect on the voters. More >, First base: Vladimir Guerrero Jr., Blue JaysGuerrero is another first-time Gold Glove winner. Bottom line: Roberto Alomar had one of the greatest careers of any MLB second baseman, ever, winning 10 Gold Glove Awards and back-to-back World Series titles with the Toronto Blue Jays in 1992 and 1993. Sure, we feel bad about Griffey's injuries and what he could have done with a little more field time (and perhaps never leaving Seattle), but that's beyond the scope here. Left field: Barry Bonds (8)Bonds is the all-time home run king, so hes another player for whom defensive greatness is often overshadowed by offensive accomplishments. Bottom line: Willie Mays is arguably the greatest baseball player of all time and owns what is widely thought of as the greatest catch in MLB history with his over-the-shoulder catch of a fly ball by Vic Wertz in Game 1 of the 1954 World Series. Gold Glove winners by year is categorized from 1957 to the present in 2022. The accolades are seemingly endless for Bonds -- he won a record seven MVP Awards, hit 762 home runs, including a record 73 in 2001, is the only member of the 400-home run and 400-steal club, and a 14-time All-Star. Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. Greg Maddux has eighteen Gold Gloves and holds the record for the most Gold Gloves won. He joins the man he replaced, Carlos Correa (2021), and Roger Metzger (1973). Smith was a human highlight reel at short for 19 years, winning the NL Gold Glove Award for the position every year from 1980-92. Uras, who joined Machado and Brooks Robinson as the only Orioles third basemen to win the award, led all AL third basemen with 14 DRS in 22. [2] Afterwards, Jay Jaffe of Sports Illustrated wrote that the Gold Gloves "appear to have significantly closed the gap on their more statistically-driven counterparts. Ivan Rodriguez won 10 consecutive Gold Gloves as a member of the Texas Rangers, the team he is most known for playing for. Hence, making the total number of awards presented each year rise to 20. He's so good that Griffey can't even really feel bad about being second on the list of Gold Glove winning Centerfielders. 2022 Al Gold Glove winners included Vladimir Guerrero Jr. With this, he achieved something that his Hall-of-Famer dad could not. Speaking of gloves and Willie Mays, Dusty Baker, the manager of the Houston Astros invited Willie into the clubhouse once to personally give inspiration to his team. Alomar was a slick two bagger. Clemente was just 38 years old when he died tragically in a plane crash while trying to deliver aid to victims of the 1972 Nicaragua earthquake. Career highlights: 10-time Gold Glove Award winner (1976-84, 1986), World Series champion (1980), three-time National League MVP (1980, 1981, 1986), World Series MVP (1980), 12-time MLB All-Star (1974, 1976, 1977, 1979-84, 1986, 1987, 1989), six-time Silver Slugger Award winner (1980-84, 1986). Kwan is also the fifth rookie outfielder to win the honor, joining Tommie Agee (1966), Fred Lynn (1975), Ichiro Suzuki (2001) and Luis Robert (2020). Unfortunately, thats a big if. Trevino led all Major League catchers with 21 defensive runs saved, which was also tied for the third-most Defensive Runs Saved in baseball, regardless of position. Silver Slugger Winners - American League. Had he come up in the current era, Ichiro would have likely been playing in the majors in his early 20s. It is given to 18 players every year, one award for each position in both the American and National league. Bench was also the catcher when Mahoney threw a no-hitter in 1969. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-02-29-9602290143-story.html, https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/michael-jordan-the-last-dance-dennis-rodman-explaining-how-he-mastered-the-art-of-rebounding-is-fascinating/, https://www.worldcat.org/title/baseball-digest/oclc/137346522, https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/gold_glove_nl.shtml#all_award_grid, https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/gold_glove_al.shtml#all_award_grid, https://www.rawlings.com/gold-glove-history.html, https://www.rawlings.com/gold-glove-criteria.html, https://theathletic.com/news/cardinals-become-first-mlb-team-to-have-5-gold-glove-winners-in-a-season/Y3y6MUeLtW1A/, Pitchers qualify by throwing 141+ innings by Game 141, Catchers qualify by playing 71+ games by Game 141, IF/OF qualify by playing 713 innings by Game 141, If IF/OF qualifies, most innings at position determine eligibility, 7 votes per MLB team (manager and 6 others), Like Little League, you can't vote for yourself - aka - your own players, Votes are for specific position, not general like OF. For Major League Baseball, they are the Silver Slugger and Gold Glove respectively. Teams: San Diego Padres (1978-81), St. Louis Cardinals (1982-96), Career highlights: 13-time Gold Glove Award (1980-92), World Series champion (1982), NLCS Most Valuable Player (1985), 15-time MLB All-Star (1981-92, 1994-96), 13-time Gold Glove Award (1980-92), Silver Slugger Award (1987), Roberto Clemente Award (1995). Tip of the cap there. Andrews receives MLB Rawlings Gold Glove, standing ovation", "Goodacre wins second annual Rawlings Gold Glove Award for Softball", "Former Tigers earn postseason awards from National Pro Fastpitch", "Jessie Warren Wins 2019 Rawlings Gold Glove", "National Pro Fastpitch Cancels 2020 Season due to COVID-19", "National Pro Fastpitch to sit out 2021 season", Major League Baseball awards and trophies, Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gold_Glove_Award&oldid=1150305383, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Links to the corresponding Major League Baseball season, Winner of the most Gold Glove Awards at his position (** indicates tie), This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 11:20. They won sixteen in a row. Left fielder Willie Horton saved Kaline's life after he cleared his airway once he noticed Kaline was beginning to turn blue. The winners were announced prior to Tuesday's Game 3 of the World Series between the Astros and Phillies on Baseball Tonight on ESPN2, with a record 14 first-time recipients earning the honor for best defensive player at each position (the old mark was 11, recorded in both 2020 and 1958). So, why isn't he in Cooperstown? Some high school data is courtesy David McWater. He had 2 Outs Above Average each at first and second and 4 at third, which ranked 11th among all MLB third basemen, despite his limited appearances there. @morgensternmlb, Leo Morgenstern is an editor for Just Baseball and a writer for FanGraphs. Rodgers did that despite some struggles in the field, particularly during the first half of the season. His "spry" years, if you will. Thats it. More >. Schmidt was also brilliant at the hot corner. Bottom line: Al Kaline was a wunderkind baseball prospect out of Baltimore who skipped the minor leagues altogether and was playing in the Detroit Tigers outfield shortly after his high school graduation in 1953. The 31-year-old led all qualified MLB catchers with a 44 percent caught-stealing rate, the second time hes led the Majors in that department (also in 2019, 47 percent). Win Expectancy, Run Expectancy, and Leverage Index calculations provided by Tom Tango of InsideTheBook.com, and co-author of The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball. With Rockies third baseman Nolan Arenado's seventh Gold Glove, he extended his own MLB record of most consecutive NL Gold Glove Awards as a infielder to start a career. But Hernandez is perhaps most known for his smooth glove at first base, winning all 11 of his Gold Glove Awards in succession from 1978-88. Career highlights: 10-time Gold Glove Award winner (1968-77), two-time World Series champion (1975, 1976), two-time National League MVP (1970, 1972), World Series MVP (1976), National League . long strings of games/years played by a single player. Shortstop: Ozzie Smith (13)The Wizard. He was limited to 125 games due to injury, but he still saw significant time at three infield positions, playing 35 games at first base, 41 at second and 47 at third. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Fletcher signed a five-year extension with the Angels to start the 2021 season, and for good reason. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Oftentimes he was the second, third, and even fourth most capable shortstop on his own team. Arenado has won ten Gold Gloves in ten big league seasons, which has him tied with Ichiro for the most consecutive Gold Gloves to start a career. Rodriguez threw out two runners in his first career game, nailing Joey Cora in the fifth inning and Warren Newson in the eighth. The award is given annually to MLB players who performed exceptionally well individually at each fielding position. [3] In 2020, Rawlings began issuing a Gold Glove Award for team defense, with one recipient each in the American and National Leagues. Last season, however, he walked just 54 times in an injury-shortened campaign. He had 355 wins, 227 losses, an ERA of 3.16 and 3,371 strikeouts. The 2021 St. Louis Cardinals hold the record for most Gold Gloves by a single team in a single season with five. If it wasnt enough that Maddux won four straight NL Cy Young Awards from 1992-95, you almost had no chance as an NL pitcher even when it came to a Gold Glove trophy if Maddux was still pitching. He also led AL center fielders with 13 Outs Above Average. At his height, Griffey Jr. was arguably the most popular professional athlete in the U.S., with his own signature shoe from Nike and his own video game, which is still one of the most beloved sports video games of all time. Known primarily for his defense, the Hall of Famer and 15-time All-Star also hit one of the most memorable -- and shocking -- home runs in baseball history, launching one over the right-field wall at Busch Stadium to win Game 5 of the 1985 NLCS against the Dodgers. Teams: Colorado Rockies (2013-20), St. Louis Cardinals (2021-present), Career highlights: 10-time Gold Glove Award winner (2013-22), seven-time MLB All-Star (2015-19, 2021, 2022), five-time Silver Slugger Award winner (2015-18, 2022). Per the Elias Sports Bureau, Pea is also the first rookie shortstop to win a Gold Glove. The scariest moment of Kaline's career came in the outfield when he suffered a near-fatal collision with center fielder Jim Northrup. 113 Gold Gloves have been awarded collectively to the 9 players on this list of Gold Glove winners. Bottom line: Jim Kaat had one of the longest careers in MLB history, spanning four different decades as he pitched his first game for the Washington Senators in 1959, stayed with the franchise as it became the Minnesota Twins and then pitched his final game with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1983. Kaline led the Tigers to the World Series title in 1968, leading them back from a three-games-to-one deficit against the St. Louis Cardinals for their first championship since 1945. More >, Center field: Myles Straw, GuardiansThe 28-year-old Straw led all MLB center fielders with an ultimate zone rating of 8.0. Third base: Brooks Robinson (16)Robinson remains revered as the best defensive third baseman of all-time, and with good reason. Im officially on milestone watch. The award is given annually to MLB players who performed exceptionally well individually at each fielding position. A no doubter, Brooks was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983. At 18 Gold Glove awards on the mound, we feel confident in saying no one will ever compete with Greg Maddux. Willie Mays was a five tool player and one of the best ones ever. Though he did win Gold Gloves at Third Base in 1994 and 1995, Wade really deserves a Golden Mug award for his legendary drinking record. It is merely used to quickly illustrate Clemente's career, and life, were cut short in a terrible plane crash. Full-year historical Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of Hidden Game Sports. Rookie of the Year Award. LeMahieu is no stranger to the Gold Glove Award; this is his fourth, but his first since 2018, with the Rockies. Throughout most of his years with the Braves, . Catcher Top 5 Gold Glove Winners Ivan Rodriguez (13) Johnny Bench (10) Yadier Molina (9) - Active Player Bob Boone (7) Postseason World Series MVP. Happs 8.3 UZR was the highest among all MLB left fielders. By One person you won't see on the list of all-time Gold Glovers is ol' Wade Boggs of Red Sox, Yankee and Tampa Bay Rays fame. The Cardinals set an MLB record by claiming more than half of the awards. Realmuto, PhilliesBefore impressing with his prowess behind the plate and, more prominently, at the plate during this postseason, Realmuto turned in yet another great defensive campaign for Philadelphia. With another victory, Arenado will also surpass Mike Schmidt for the most Gold Gloves won by a National League third baseman. Pudge would eventually pass Hall of Famer Johnny Bench for the most Gold Gloves all-time for the position. Soon, however, the club will gain some new members. The 24-year-old led all AL second basemen with 16 DRS, and he also had 12 Outs Above Average, per Statcast. Sign up to receive our daily Morning Lineup to stay in the know about the latest trending topics around Major League Baseball. [3] In the inaugural year, one Gold Glove was awarded to the top fielder at each position in MLB;[3] since 1958, separate awards have been given to the top fielders in each league. It helps keep the lights on. [8][9] Critics called for awarding a single Gold Glove for each individual outfield position, arguing that the three outfield positions are not equivalent defensively. Manager of the Year. The veteran outfielder is currently 17 walks shy. Teams: Seattle Mariners (1989-99, 2009-10), Cincinnati Reds (2000-08), Chicago White Sox (2008), Career highlights: 10-time Gold Glove Award winner (1990-99), American League MVP (1997), 13-time MLB All-Star (1990-2000, 2004, 2007), seven-time Silver Slugger Award winner (1991, 1993, 1994, 1996-99), National League Comeback Player of the Year (2005), MLB All-Century Team. Nolan Arenado - Most Consecutive Gold Gloves to Start a Career Perhaps this is more of a record than a milestone, but I'm counting it all the same. He's also led the National League in four different defensive categories putouts, double plays turned, assists and range factor 26 times. Rodriguez did everything a baseball player could do and had his best individual season in 1999 when he was named American League MVP after he set new AL records for home runs in a single season for catchers and became the first catcher in MLB history with more than 30 home runs, 100 RBI and 100 runs in a single season. This award is in addition to the collegiate and high school awards added in 2007, the 50th anniversary of the inaugural Gold Glove Awards.[86]. Ichiro was almost 28 years old when he made his MLB debut in 2001 and won both American League Rookie of the Year and American League MVP in the same year along with his first Gold Glove Award. Legendary fielding doesn't have quite the same cachet as legendary hitting, but it's an equal part of the game and should be celebrated as such. Pea finished the regular season tied with the Marlins Miguel Rojas for most DRS among MLB shortstops, with 15. Thankfully, the superstar looks healthy thus far in spring training. Brooks Robinson holds the overall record for most Gold Gloves at third base with 16. Career Overview Stats Game Log Splits Bio Greg Maddux played 23 seasons for 4 teams, including the Braves and Cubs. Join our linker program. ^RF won as a right fielder, On February 20, 2007, Major League Baseball and Rawlings announced that an all-time Gold Glove Team would be named during the 50th anniversary of the first Gold Glove Awards. We did the research to determine primary positions played for each of the positions, LF, CF, and RF. That shouldnt be a problem for any of them, barring a severe injury. Teams: St. Louis Cardinals (1974-1983), New York Mets (1983-1989), Cleveland Indians (1990), Career highlights: 11-time Gold Glove Award winner (1978-1988), two-time World Series champion (1982, 1986), National League MVP (1979), five-time MLB All-Star (1979, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1987). In 2016, Rawlings announced it would begin awarding a gold glove annually to a female fastpitch softball player in the National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) league. Bottom line: Omar Vizquel is definitely in the conversation for the greatest fielding shortstop of all time he holds the MLB records for shortstops for best fielding percentage (.985), games played and double plays turned. Smith did much more than backflips he won 13 Gold Glove Awards, made 15 All-Star teams and helped lead the Cardinals to the World Series three times, winning once in 1982. Maddux probably spent hours charging off the mound in practice as well, watching how his variety of pitches came off the bat differently. The remaining 25% of the vote is provided by Society for American Baseball Research, an organization that analyses baseball statistics. With the quartet of Bieber, Gimnez, Kwan and Straw, Cleveland set a franchise record with four Gold Glove winners in the same year, breaking its previous mark of three set in 2000 (second baseman Alomar, shortstop Omar Vizquel and third baseman Travis Fryman). His 10th, which came in 2001, tied Johnny Bench for most all-time by a catcher. These accolades came from his early years. Altuve swiped 18 bags last year and hasnt stolen more than 20 in a season since 2017. kind of way, Barry Bonds is the all-time leader for Leftfielders. He's definitely in the conversation thanks to his great fielding, but it's his MLB record of 10 consecutive seasons of 200-plus hits that might put him over the top. The three-time National League MVP is one of just three players in MLB history to hit 500 home runs and win 10 Gold Glove Awards alongside Willie Mays and Ken Griffey Jr., but Schmidt is the only infielder to ever do so. Wait, before we do, we should acknowledge that now there is a Platinum Glove. Willie Mays made the over-the-shoulder, running dead to center catch that will live on in infamy. The Sox still had another game that they blew. [3] Winners receive a glove made from gold lam-tanned leather and affixed to a walnut base. His seven Gold Gloves are the fourth-most by a third baseman in major league history, trailing Brooks Robinson (16), Mike Schmidt (10) and Scott Rolen (8). Bottom line:St. Louis Cardinals shortstop was one of MLB's superstars from the "forgotten era" of the 1980s, literally backflipping his way into the hearts of fans. Hes the third Cleveland player to win a Gold Glove at second base, joining Csar Hernndez (2020) and Roberto Alomar (1999-2001). The results were announced at the 2007 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. However, he's alone for the most among the non-pitchers. RELATED: MLB Hitters in the 500 Home Run Club, Teams: San Diego Padres (1988-90), Toronto Blue Jays (1991-95), Baltimore Orioles (1996-98), Cleveland Indians (1999-2001), New York Mets (2002-03), Chicago White Sox (2003, 2004), Arizona Diamondbacks (2004), Career highlights: 10-time Gold Glove Award winner (1991-96, 1998-2001), two-time World Series champion (1992, 1993), ALCS MVP (1992), four-time Silver Slugger Award winner (1992, 1996, 1999, 2000), 12-time MLB All-Star (1990-2001). Shortstops and second basemen depend upon each other for the majority of double plays. Arenado has won 10 Gold Gloves, tying Ichiro Suzuki as the only players to win 10 consecutive Gold Gloves to start an MLB career. Robinson may have shined brightest during the 1970 World Series against the Reds, when he made great play after great play and was named MVP.